Copyright Basics for Musicians

Understanding copyright is one of the most important steps for any musician. It protects your creative work and ensures that you receive proper credit and compensation when your music is used, shared, or performed.

1. What Copyright Protects 

Copyright automatically protects original works of authorship the moment they are created and fixed in a tangible form. For musicians, this includes:

• Lyrics and melody (the composition)

• Sound recording (the recorded version of the song)

• Artwork, album covers, and promotional materials

That means even a rough demo recorded on your phone is protected the moment you save it. However, registering your work gives you stronger legal protection and the ability to claim damages if someone infringes on your rights.

2. Composition vs. Recording

There are two main types of music copyright:

• Composition copyright covers the song’s melody, lyrics, and musical notation.

• Sound recording copyright covers the specific recording of that song.

If you write and record your own music, you own both. But if someone else records your song, you still own the composition, while they own the new recording.

3. Who Owns the Rights

The creator automatically owns the copyright unless the work was made under a contract or as a “work for hire.” If you collaborate with others, make sure you have a written agreement that clearly defines ownership percentages.

For example:

• A lyricist and a composer might each own 50 percent of the composition.

• A band might agree that all members share equal ownership of the recording.

4. How to Register Your Work

In the United States, you can register with the U.S. Copyright Office at copyright.gov

 

Tip for Emerging Artists:
Treat copyright like insurance for your creativity. It may not seem urgent now, but once your music gains traction, it can protect you from disputes and ensure you get paid for your talent.